A noble gas is an element that is essentially in gaseous state and which has all filled orbits in its atom. Krypton is one of the six noble gasses. (The other noble gases are Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon and Radon). The symbol of krypton is Kr. The atomic number (or charge number) of krypton is 36 – it means krypton has 36 protons in its nucleus and 36 electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Sir William Ramsay (whose sketch/painting you can see in the picture alongside) discovered the element krypton in the year 1898, much more than a century ago. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the year 1904 for the discovery of krypton and other noble gases. Krypton is present in infinitesimally small quantities in nature – it is present at a concentration of 1 ppm in air. 1 ppm stands for 1 part per million; means for a million parts of air, there will be only one part of krypton! Since its discovery, krypton has found many uses. Here is an account of the physical and chemical properties of krypton.

Physical Properties of Krypton

Chemical Properties of Krypton

In spite of being a chemically unreactive element, krypton has been used to synthesize many compounds that find applications in making neon lamps, flash light for high-speed photography, etc. There are many uses of krypton, even if it is a rare gas at 1 ppm in the atmosphere. Probably this is something we should learn from the gas – though inconspicuous, it is mighty useful!

by mySAPL

Mycoolcell.com has added a new line to their already extensive selection of accessories. Joining their array of batteries, covers, skins, protectors, cables, hand-free equipment and much more is an assortment of Otterbox 4 iPhone cell phone covers for iPhone and Blackberry users.

Customers will want to protect the investment they have made in their phones by buying the best protection possible at a great price. Two styles of Otterboxrotectors are now available: the Commuter, and the Defender. Both will protect your device from scratches, drops or other shocks. Several color and model choices are available in each.

The Commuter phone protector is a little slimmer, and has a smooth finish, making it easy to slide into a pocket or handbag. The long-lasting cover is fashioned of three layers to provide great protection. the first layer is a film over the screen, which offers excellent defense from scratches and smears. The middle layer is a thin, silicone shock absorber, and the outer layer is beautifully colored, high-quality plastic. Port plugs keep the sensitive ports clean, yet accessible.

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The durable, rugged Defender covers are also constructed of three layers. The inner layer of thin silicone film serves as screen protection. The second layer is a tough polycarbonate to guard against damage from jolts, shocks, and falls. The third layer is thin, resilient silicone to further protect the user’s phone. The Defender also includes silicone port plugs to keep dust and dirt out.

High-school and college students are eligible for a 10% discount on all cell phone accessories simply by registering their name and school information using the form on the student discount page. This is a real boon to students in this economy, who are often working as well as attending school, and don’t have much to spend. Batteries, cables and other hands-free equipment are often needed by students, as well as all the protectorscasespouches, skins and decals to protect and embellish their phones

Students will have fun browsing through all the accessories available from mycoolcell.com, but can also win prizes by producing their own youtube.com video. To enter, students simply make an attention-grabbing video demonstrating one of the cell phone accessories from mycoolcell.com, or by making an entertaining video review. The prize is one hundred dollars worth of merchandise from mycoolcell.com! This includes all of their phone and iPod accessories.

For those who aren’t yet familiar with mycoolcell.com, this company also offers discounts to teachers, police, firemen, and other government workers and civil servants on their gov/edu pages. The company appreciates those who serve the country by working for various government offices, including local, county, and state offices, and those who serve by teaching the nation’s children–the next generation of leaders.

Find all these great products and offers at mycoolcell.net, a company who cares about the community.

A noble gas is an element that is essentially in gaseous state and which has all filled orbits in its atom. Krypton is one of the six noble gasses. (The other noble gases are Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon and Radon). The symbol of krypton is Kr. The atomic number (or charge number) of krypton is 36 – it means krypton has 36 protons in its nucleus and 36 electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Sir William Ramsay (whose sketch/painting you can see in the picture alongside) discovered the element krypton in the year 1898, much more than a century ago. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the year 1904 for the discovery of krypton and other noble gases. Krypton is present in infinitesimally small quantities in nature – it is present at a concentration of 1 ppm in air. 1 ppm stands for 1 part per million; means for a million parts of air, there will be only one part of krypton! Since its discovery, krypton has found many uses. Here is an account of the physical and chemical properties of krypton.

Physical Properties of Krypton

Chemical Properties of Krypton

In spite of being a chemically unreactive element, krypton has been used to synthesize many compounds that find applications in making neon lamps, flash light for high-speed photography, etc. There are many uses of krypton, even if it is a rare gas at 1 ppm in the atmosphere. Probably this is something we should learn from the gas – though inconspicuous, it is mighty useful!

Here’s a riddle: what can get stuck when open or when closed, will keep ejecting or not ejecting at all and is used to play a very popular digital storage medium? It’s a CD player. CD players can behave in a very weird manner at times. One minute, they are fine and dandy, the next moment, they refuse to play the CD. They can remain stuck open and will not close or they can remain shut and will not eject the CD. The latter is an especially annoying situation, if the audio unit is present in a vehicle. The CD player can refuse to work entirely or will keep playing the same CD again and again.

Possibilities for a CD Getting Stuck in a Car CD Player

How would a CD get stuck in your car stereo in the first place? A few theories are:

Homemade labels: If you make your own CDs and design your own labels or use CDs with paper labels and stuck-on labels, then such labels can come off the CD partially or completely. So they could get stuck to your stereo player and jam the CD within.

Heat: A car does get very warm internally. If the engine is too hot, the stereo could shut down or not work due to overheating. Sometimes, the CD will deform slightly due to the heat and so will not eject.

Dirt: You can ensure your car is spic and span and dust-free but what about its internal parts? A car stereo attracts a lot of dust but when dirt and dust clogs up inside the stereo, it can line the CD slot and the ejecting mechanism.

Malfunction: Nothing lasts forever. Your CD player may be brand new or old as the hills but a jammed part, a missing lever or there is no power between the button and the ejecting mechanism, all could be technical reasons why there’s a CD stuck in car CD player.

Something else: Chewing gum, pieces of paper, perhaps a pin or a rubber band… if there is something else stuck in your car’s CD player, then it could be hampering the internal mechanism.

Ways to Remove a CD Stuck in Car Stereo

So if you have a CD stuck in a car CD player and are tired of hearing the same songs all over again, you need to get that CD out but how? Below are a few techniques on how to solve this classic CD player issue.

Way 1: Use the Reset Button

• Look at the front panel of your stereo or CD player, and try to find a small hole.
• This is a reset hole, it is found in most PC and stand-alone CD players.
• Get a paperclip, straighten it out and insert it gently into the hole.
• Press lightly, see if the CD is coming out. You may have to turn the stereo’s power on.
• With some car stereos, the front panel or faceplate is hiding the reset button.
• You will need to gently remove the faceplate and look for the hole or button.

Way 2: Use the Dashboard

• Keep the car on.
• Press the stereo’s power button and bang the top of the dashboard.
• You may have to bang the dashboard and press the power button ‘on’ and ‘off’ rapidly.

Way 3: Powering the Car

• Turn the stereo and car off.
• Wait for 5 minutes.
• Then press the stereo’s ‘power’ and ‘eject’ button at the same time.
• Press the two buttons in for 5 seconds.
• If the CD doesn’t eject, turn the car on.
• Press the power and eject button in for 5 seconds.

Way 4: Using Tweezers

• Sometimes the mechanism could be jammed or the CD is so slippery, that the stereo cannot eject it.
• You will need tweezers, very thin and delicate pliers or hemostats to pull the CD out.
• Keep the car on, turn the stereo on and slowly insert the tweezers into the disc tray.
• Try using tools that are as thin as possible in profile, so your stereo isn’t hurt by the extraction.
• Get a grip on the CD. Press the ‘eject button’ in and out and gently tug on the CD.
• With some stereos, there is no need to press the ‘eject button’ or even power on the stereo.
• The CD may be damaged and unusable after extraction but try not to hurt your stereo with the tweezers.

Way 5: Using a Blank CD

• You will need an extra pair of hands, so get someone to help you.
• Insert a blank CD about 1 inch deep into the jammed CD slot.
• First try inserting the blank CD above the stuck CD.
• Your help should press the ‘eject button’ in, while you try to move the stuck CD around and out.
• Try wriggling or moving the stuck CD downwards. If nothing happens, insert the blank CD below the stuck CD and push the stuck CD up and out.
• You could use tweezers to pull the stuck CD at this time, while you are moving the blank CD around.
• Do not get the blank CD jammed in the player, while trying to remove the stuck CD!
• Be very gentle, do not push at the jammed CD with force.
• This technique involves trying to raise the CD or lower it, such that the stereo mechanism can reach the CD and will eject it.

Way 6: Using an Adhesive Tape

• Turn off the stereo and the car. Use a thin butter or putty knife (a knife with a blunt edge should be used), that is at least 1-2 inches wide.
• You can use an ice pop stick but make sure it is strong and will not break in between.
• Get some two-sided tape or adhesive tape and wrap the tape around the knife.
• Stick a piece of paper on one side of the knife, so that only one side is sticky.
• The aim here is to get the CD to stick to the knife. So one side of the knife is sticky with the tape, the other side is covered with paper.
• Insert the knife, with its sticky side down, into the CD slot, above the stuck CD.
• Touch the CD top with the sticky end of the knife.
• Try to touch as much of the CD as possible with the knife, not just the tip.
• Slowly but gently lift the CD using the knife and pull the knife out.
• You can press the ‘eject button’ while pulling the knife out.

If none of the above methods or techniques work, you may have to take your car to the car dealer for an in-warranty repair or consult an auto-technician shop. A mechanic can remove the entire stereo unit or CD player, unscrew the top and remove the CD stuck in the car CD player. Even a bit of oiling or using grease could lubricate the stuck mechanism and get the CD out. But do not try such techniques on your own, without expert advice, especially if your car or the stereo unit (if separately installed) is still under warranty. You may not be able to save the CD but an expert’s hand at removing the CD can ensure that there is no damage done to your CD. Do not be penny-wise, pound-foolish by damaging a $300 stereo to get a $5 CD out!

by AMagill

An individual or a corporate can take help of reverse phone lookup websites to carry on private investigation on their own without taking help of a professional. We often face the situations, where we are in need of some essential information of a person (may be a friend or stranger), who has just left his phone number alone and you would like to trace his cell phone number. And we may be receiving calls from an unrecognized landline or cell phone number that keeps annoying frequently. These situations would induce you to contact a private detective to do background check to nail pranksters.

But calling up a private detective is very traditional as well as expensive. Today, the technology has progressed a lot to find a person, just with the phone number. The awareness of the database on reverse phone lookup is getting momentum among all kind of people in the searching process. The advanced internet access to the nook and cranny in the United States has led to the popularity of reverse phone lookup services. The need for a private detective to trace back a person only from the phone number is diminishing. With the help of a PC and internet connection, you can do reverse phone lookup to do a background check of any person owning a valid landline or cell phone number, from any part of the world.

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If you take the help of a private detective, you might have to pay them through the nose. Their charges are threefold, like you have to pay them to find out the place they can access information, then to collect those authentic information and for spending their time to complete the work for you ( normally detectives charge hourly). However, reverse phone lookup provides you the same identical information at an affordable cost. The paid reverse phone lookup services are very accurate and reliable in providing owners’ details.

When you need to conduct a back ground check, reverse phone lookup service is an ideal solution. Reverse phone lookup is very much easy and simpler resource of finding the details of a person, whose landline or cell phone number is what you have in your hand. Reverse phone lookup can even dig out the information that is not known publicly at the cost of minimal charges.

You can obtain the name, contact information, phone carrier details, past addresses and much more from the reverse phone lookup websites. These websites work on high-speed software platform that searches phone number from the millions of phone numbers in just few seconds. The paid reverse phone lookup services also keep their databases updated regularly for their members to get them updated information all the time. Now you can call your prank caller with his first name and put a full stop to the idiotic calls by utilizing the service of reverse phone lookup.

There are numerous websites that offer you the service of reverse phone lookup. There are some websites that offer reverse phone lookup for free of cost and the others charge a menial amount. Though the free reverse phone lookup websites gives you basic information if the data is available but do not provide the full name and addresses. While the websites that charge for reverse phone lookup brings you ocean of information and it is worth the money you pay them. The charges differ according to the amount of details you want to know. Higher the information, higher the price and therefore it is necessary to choose the right reverse phone lookup, depending on your needs.

I use http://www.reversecellphoneonline.com to trace back any callers or do background check for any number. You may check this out to see if you get satisfactory results as well.

Related Reverse Phone Articles

The digital divide is the gap in access to technology between individuals, businesses, households, and geographic areas due to socioeconomic status. This digital divide can be due to one household having less money than another and, therefore, not being able to buy all of the new gadgets on the market that some other families may be able to afford. It can also be due to an area of the country or the world that doesn’t have the same access to the Internet as another.

In many countries, Internet is unreliable and that leaves the user without the same access to information and conversation tools as people in other parts of the world. There are also some countries that censor the Internet for civilians for political reasons, and this can lead to a further digital divide. When discussing different levels of access of the Internet between countries, this is actually called the global divide. The term “digital divide” first came into use in the 1990’s and was first used to refer to the different levels of access to computers between different ethnic groups in the United States of America. By 1998, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration was using the term as a title of a survey. The quick launch of these terms into the public sphere draws attention to the fact that this is a huge problem in our country and the world. These different digital divides can have serious implications on people and cause gaps in earnings, education, and much more.

Gaps in Earnings

In a world and an economy that is becoming more global by the second, computer skills are a must have. It is difficult to find a job that does not require computer skills in today’s society. Whether requiring you to type, research, email, read, or perform more complicated tasks, almost everything revolves around computers and new software.

If you have not grown up with a computer and if you do not have access to a computer at home, you are at a serious disadvantage to someone who has been working with computers his or her whole life. No amount of computer training can make up for just being able to have access to a computer and learning how to use it naturally and intuitively. In this sense, it can be extremely difficult to climb the workplace ladder when you do not have the same skill set as someone else in the company. The digital divide, in this way, can cause a serious gap in earnings between someone who has a computer and someone who does not. Also, many companies are putting their job applications and postings online, so without a computer or access to the Internet, one cannot research or apply for high paying jobs.

Gaps in Education

Students and schools who have access to computers can learn more information in a few seconds than someone without a computer. Because of rapid Internet access, students are able to find whatever information they need in a very short amount of time. This not only changes the teaching atmosphere, but also further separates the haves and have-nots. When one student can find information at the speed of light and another cannot, the student without access to technology is starting at a lower level of information than the student with the access. There is nothing a teacher can do to level that playing field.

Sure, the same information is out there in books and other hard copy sources, but the time a student spends finding that information is valuable. When one student is afforded the opportunity to spend less time on an assignment because he or she has access to the Internet, it frees up time for other opportunities like work and socialization.

by Arty Smokes (deaf mute)

The main reason for popularity of reverse phone is, nowadays every man has a cell phone and he is getting calls from various unknown numbers. And that is the reason behind this success. Reversing a cell phone number is very easy. You only need to have the number of that person from where you are getting the calls. With the number, you can get all the information about that person. This is Fact that a reverse phone number search takes less than 20 seconds.

When you are going to do reverse cell then you will get following results.

a.    You can get the real identification about the person who is calling you.

b.    You can know about the services which he is using and after that you can fire the report against him

c.    You can also get all the information like address and background also.

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When you are going to run a reverse phone search then you can get all the information on your subject line. Because searching a phone number and information about the holder of that number is a work as getting private information that is why there are few providers which are providing these services free of cost. So you have to make the payment due to privacy laws. For getting the best result, you have to choose the best company which will provide you the best result as well as best information.

So, if you are looking for a reverse cell phone lookup for anything or for finding someone in the yellow pages, or either you are simply finding out that by whom your children are talking, in these works this service will help you a lot. You can reverse that number and get the information about that number within 15 seconds.

So, now the question raised that is it work?

In this digital world, privacy laws have been set to place to protect this information for free. This also cut down the on a lot of spam and it also deters criminals from easily getting the information too.  That is why; the provider of this service only stored that data which are protected and 100% searchable. So, we can say that this service is safe and easy to work with.

In USA, Right now you can get the exact information that was provided. But you can get the data only after you signed up for their services. If you are not sure about the information you are getting from a service provider than you can run an online background check to destroy the suspicious element from your mind.

Related Search Phone Articles

If you ponder on your daily routine, you’ll find activities such as driving a car, watching television, talking on the phone, browsing the net, using the dishwasher to clean dishes, washing your clothes in a washing machine, etc. Now, what if I tell you that each one of these activities and many more, that you indulge in during the course of a day, contributes to the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted on the planet? Would you be shocked to know how such “innocuous” activities could go on to adversely affect the environment? Well, shocked as you may be or even amused, this is the truth and you cannot deny this one. With every passing second, you are adding to the carbon dioxide emissions even if you are unaware of it. And in today’s times, when we are desperately trying to save the environment, this definitely is no good news. So, how you can stop the damage caused to the environment, you may ask. Well, while you can’t bring these activities to a stop, reducing them to some extent can definitely help and for that you first need to know how much you are contributing towards global warming.

How to Calculate Carbon Footprint Manually

As discussed above, the carbon footprint of an individual is nothing but the total amount of carbon dioxide that was released into the atmosphere in a year due to the individual’s activities, either directly or indirectly. So, while activities such as using electrical appliances add to your carbon footprint directly, others like purchasing imported stuff and even purchasing anything new, for that matter, can also make a difference. So, how do you calculate your own carbon footprint? Here’s an easy way to do so. However, note that the method given below only tells you how to find an approximate value as it takes into account only the activities that result in maximum emission of carbon dioxide. To calculate your carbon footprint, consider the various elements which cause emission of carbon dioxide.

Electricity Consumed
To calculate the carbon dioxide emitted by the total amount of electricity (in kilowatt-hour or kWh) used by you, first add up the electricity bills for the year and then multiply it by 1.34 which is the average amount of CO₂ in pounds that is emitted per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated, in the U.S.

Cooking Fuel Used
Now, calculating this might be a little tricky as not all of us use the same kind of fuel in our homes. However, considering the standard rates of CO₂ emissions for each fuel, we can easily arrive at a figure by multiplying the total quantity of fuel used throughout the year with the standard rate of emission of that fuel. Given below are the standard rates of emission of CO₂, of some common fuels.

• Fuel oil (per gallon) – 22.38 lbs
• Propane (per gallon) – 12.67 lbs
• Renewable wood (per cord) – 0
• Non-renewable wood (per cord) – 5180 lbs
• Natural gas (per ccf) – 11.70 lbs

Use of Vehicles
When it comes to the vehicles you drive, your carbon footprint depends on the miles per gallon or the mileage offered by your vehicle and also on the total number of miles that you drive per year. Now, if you are wondering how driving a vehicle can contribute towards your carbon footprint, it is due to the burning of fossil fuels such as petrol or diesel. You can calculate the gas emissions from vehicles in the following two ways.

• Collect all your gas receipts for the entire year and add them up. This will give you the gas consumed throughout the year, in gallons. Now, multiply this value with the standard rate of CO₂ emissions for the fuel. It is 19.56 lbs for unleaded petrol and 22.48 lbs for diesel.
• Another way to calculate is to divide the number of miles traveled in the given year by the vehicle’s mileage. This way you’ll again obtain the number of gallons used. Multiply this with the standard CO₂ emission rate for your fuel.

Travel by Air
Now, if you have traveled by air to any destination then you have also contributed to the global warming in some way! So, how to calculate it? Well, for shorter flights of duration less than 4 hours, multiply the total distance (in miles) by 1100 and for longer flights with a duration of 4 hours or more, multiply the total distance (in miles) by 4,400.

Now, add the figures obtained in the steps given above, to obtain your carbon footprint.

Thus, we see that calculating our carbon footprint is not that difficult after all, So, what are you waiting for? Grab a pen, paper and calculator and get started! For, finding our carbon footprint and taking steps to reduce it, is a small step that each one of us can take in keeping our planet green.

On 31st May, 2011, The International Agency for Research on Cancer submitted a list of all possible carcinogenic materials; substances or exposures. They have concluded radiofrequency electromagnetic field as a possible cause of cancer in humans. These electromagnetic fields fall under Group 2B, the same group as DDT, chloroform, lead and welding fumes. Our cell phones use the same radiofrequency fields to transmit information from one user to the other. The health hazards of this have been studied for quite a long time now and the IARC has concluded the carcinogenic potential of these radio waves. The World Health Organization concluded cell phone radiation as “possibly carcinogenic to humans”, while advising the cell phone users to talk through hands-free devices or texts. The basic aim is to reduce the time we keep the cell phone close to the ear.

Health Dangers

So, are cell phones dangerous? Well, let’s find out, shall we? Here are the most important reasons for avoiding the direct use of cell phones in the future.

Cancer
The problem is, it’s only been around a decade since cell phones have been in use on a global level, due to which we are still uneducated about the long-term dangers of cell phone usage. A report in 2008 stated the use of cell phones ‘as dangerous as smoking’. The main reason for this is not because these radiations are strong. In fact, the cell phone radiations are found to be really weak and it would require a long time to be even sure that it can cause cancer. The problem is the enormous number of cell phones in use today. Not everyone is built exactly the same, which means the exposure to cell phone radiations affects everyone in varying levels. The actual link between cell phone radiations and cancer has not yet been fully understood or even deduced. But as we progress through time, we should be able to firmly conclude whether cell phones are dangerous.

Another problem in this area is the radiations through a cell phone tower. They are much stronger and constant as compared to a singular cell phone. It has been found (through research at the University of Essex) that there is a minor health-lowering effect due to exposure to cell phone tower radiations on weaker, more sensitive people. While there have been no short-term effect on the people working at or near the cellphone tower under observation, the ones prone to falling ill have reported a minor drop in their health standard. However, it still wasn’t concluded that the weakened state was solely due to exposure to radiation.

Rise in Temperature
Dielectric heating is a way of electromagnetic heating, a principle used to heat food in microwaves. The microwaves cause a dipole moment between two polar molecules, thus heating them as they vibrate. It is the same effect that cell phone radiation causes to humans when we talk on the phone.

There’s a whole list of things that are being linked (not conclusively) to cell phone usage and the dangers of microwave radiation. The principle of dielectric heating makes it possible to heat objects from inside out. This makes any heat produced inside the body harder to get rid of due to the fat layer underneath the skin. The first body part that gets exposed to is the ear. Excessive cell phone usage has been blamed for heating the ear, consequently causing the blood flow in the ear to vary. This may cause a case of mild tinnitus or even cancer. The other part that gets harmed is the eye. Unlike other body parts, the eye has no way to maintain an optimum temperature. Cell phone usage can be linked to causing the eye to heat up, which can form cataracts in the eye. Again, the effect has been found only in rabbits at a high exposure level for a long time. The same experiment was inconclusive for monkeys.

Other Problems

The other problems caused by cell phones are not as commonly discussed, but they may be just as dangerous.

Accidents
Road accidents have been on the rise ever since people discovered they can talk or text on the phone as they drive or walk. This has been a serious road safety issue and measures have already been taken in most states banning the use of cell phone while driving. There are no such rules, however, for pedestrians.

Addiction
This has more to do with smartphones and technology addiction rather than cell phone radiation. But again, this has been on the rise for quite a long time and is proving to be a serious problem, including sleep disorders and concentration difficulties.

As far as health problems regarding cell phone radiation are concerned, it would be prudent to follow what the WHO says and use hands-free and texts to communicate. For all other problems, you just need to put your phone down for a minute and pay attention to the task at hand.

If you ponder on your daily routine, you’ll find activities such as driving a car, watching television, talking on the phone, browsing the net, using the dishwasher to clean dishes, washing your clothes in a washing machine, etc. Now, what if I tell you that each one of these activities and many more, that you indulge in during the course of a day, contributes to the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted on the planet? Would you be shocked to know how such “innocuous” activities could go on to adversely affect the environment? Well, shocked as you may be or even amused, this is the truth and you cannot deny this one. With every passing second, you are adding to the carbon dioxide emissions even if you are unaware of it. And in today’s times, when we are desperately trying to save the environment, this definitely is no good news. So, how you can stop the damage caused to the environment, you may ask. Well, while you can’t bring these activities to a stop, reducing them to some extent can definitely help and for that you first need to know how much you are contributing towards global warming.

How to Calculate Carbon Footprint Manually

As discussed above, the carbon footprint of an individual is nothing but the total amount of carbon dioxide that was released into the atmosphere in a year due to the individual’s activities, either directly or indirectly. So, while activities such as using electrical appliances add to your carbon footprint directly, others like purchasing imported stuff and even purchasing anything new, for that matter, can also make a difference. So, how do you calculate your own carbon footprint? Here’s an easy way to do so. However, note that the method given below only tells you how to find an approximate value as it takes into account only the activities that result in maximum emission of carbon dioxide. To calculate your carbon footprint, consider the various elements which cause emission of carbon dioxide.

Electricity Consumed
To calculate the carbon dioxide emitted by the total amount of electricity (in kilowatt-hour or kWh) used by you, first add up the electricity bills for the year and then multiply it by 1.34 which is the average amount of CO₂ in pounds that is emitted per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated, in the U.S.

Cooking Fuel Used
Now, calculating this might be a little tricky as not all of us use the same kind of fuel in our homes. However, considering the standard rates of CO₂ emissions for each fuel, we can easily arrive at a figure by multiplying the total quantity of fuel used throughout the year with the standard rate of emission of that fuel. Given below are the standard rates of emission of CO₂, of some common fuels.

• Fuel oil (per gallon) – 22.38 lbs
• Propane (per gallon) – 12.67 lbs
• Renewable wood (per cord) – 0
• Non-renewable wood (per cord) – 5180 lbs
• Natural gas (per ccf) – 11.70 lbs

Use of Vehicles
When it comes to the vehicles you drive, your carbon footprint depends on the miles per gallon or the mileage offered by your vehicle and also on the total number of miles that you drive per year. Now, if you are wondering how driving a vehicle can contribute towards your carbon footprint, it is due to the burning of fossil fuels such as petrol or diesel. You can calculate the gas emissions from vehicles in the following two ways.

• Collect all your gas receipts for the entire year and add them up. This will give you the gas consumed throughout the year, in gallons. Now, multiply this value with the standard rate of CO₂ emissions for the fuel. It is 19.56 lbs for unleaded petrol and 22.48 lbs for diesel.
• Another way to calculate is to divide the number of miles traveled in the given year by the vehicle’s mileage. This way you’ll again obtain the number of gallons used. Multiply this with the standard CO₂ emission rate for your fuel.

Travel by Air
Now, if you have traveled by air to any destination then you have also contributed to the global warming in some way! So, how to calculate it? Well, for shorter flights of duration less than 4 hours, multiply the total distance (in miles) by 1100 and for longer flights with a duration of 4 hours or more, multiply the total distance (in miles) by 4,400.

Now, add the figures obtained in the steps given above, to obtain your carbon footprint.

Thus, we see that calculating our carbon footprint is not that difficult after all, So, what are you waiting for? Grab a pen, paper and calculator and get started! For, finding our carbon footprint and taking steps to reduce it, is a small step that each one of us can take in keeping our planet green.